Effect of radiation on Industrial applications 23 Materials 23 Metals 18 Integrated circuits 11 Ion bombardment 11 Solids 11 Polymers 9 Ion implantation 8 Microwaves 6 Defects 5 Electromagnetic waves 5 Laser beams 5 Mathematical models 5 Microwave heating 5 Radio wave propagation 5 Analysis 4 Ceramic materials 4 Computer architecture 4 Elastomers 4 Embedded computer systems 4 Physiological effect 4 Plastics 4 Reliability 4 Semiconductors 4 System design 4 Alloys 3 Deterioration 3 Electronic circuits 3 Electrons 3